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An introduction to Next-Generation Sequencing Technology

November 30, 2017

DNAsequencinghascome a longway since the daysoftwo-dimensionalchromatography in the 1970s. With the advent of theSanger chain termination method1 in1977, scientistsgained the ability tosequenceDNAin a reliable, reproducible manner. Adecade later, Applied Biosystemsintroduced the first automated, capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based sequencinginstruments,the AB370in1987and theAB3730xl in1998,instruments that became the primaryworkhorses for the NIH-led and Celera-led HumanGenomeProjects.2 While these “first-generation”instrumentswere considered high throughput fortheirtime, the GenomeAnalyzer emerged in2005and took sequencingrunsfrom 84 kilobase (kb)perrun to 1 gigabase (Gb)perrun.3The shortread, massivelyparallelsequencingtechnique wasa fundamentallydifferent approach thatrevolutionized sequencingcapabilitiesand launched the “next generation”ingenomic science. From that point forward, the data output ofnext-generation sequencing(NGS) hasoutpaced Moore’slaw,more thandoublingeach year(

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