Type 1 diabetes- Genetic risk reflected in gut microbiome

ANA SANDOIU | August 20, 2019 | 101 views

New research finds differences in the gut microbiome of children who are at high genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The findings suggest that certain species of bacteria may have a protective effect in autoimmune conditions. These genes help create proteins with a key role in the immune system, and they account for 40 Percent of the genetic risk of type 1 diabetes.

Spotlight

Baylor Genetics

Baylor Genetics is a joint venture of Miraca Holdings, Inc. and Baylor College of Medicine, including the #1 NIH-funded Department of Molecular and Human Genetics. A pioneer of precision medicine for nearly 40 years, Baylor Genetics now offers a full spectrum of clinically relevant genetic testing, access to world-renowned experts, and the confidence to provide patients with the best care.

OTHER ARTICLES
RESEARCH

Top 10 biotech IPOs in 2019

Article | July 11, 2022

The big question at the start of 2019 was whether the IPO window would stay open for biotech companies, particularly those seeking to pull off ever-larger IPOs at increasingly earlier stages of development. The short answer is yes—kind of. Here’s the long answer: In the words of Renaissance Capital, the IPO market had “a mostly good year.” The total number of deals fell to 159 from 192 the year before, but technology and healthcare companies were standout performers. The latter—which include biotech, medtech and diagnostics companies—led the pack, making up 43% of all IPOs in 2019. By Renaissance’s count, seven companies went public at valuations exceeding $1 billion, up from five the year before

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MEDTECH

Cell Out? Lysate-Based Expression an Option for Personalized Meds

Article | July 13, 2022

Cell-free expression (CFE) is the practice of making a protein without using a living cell. In contrast with cell line-based methods, production is achieved using a fluid containing biological components extracted from a cell, i.e., a lysate. CFE offers potential advantages for biopharma according to Philip Probert, PhD, a senior scientist at the Centre for Process Innovation in the U.K.

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MEDTECH

Closing bacterial genomes from the human gut microbiome using long-read sequencing

Article | July 12, 2022

In our lab, we focus on the impact of the gut microbiome on human health and disease. To evaluate this relationship, it’s important to understand the particular functions that different bacteria have. As bacteria are able to exchange, duplicate, and rearrange their genes in ways that directly affect their phenotypes, complete bacterial genomes assembled directly from human samples are essential to understand the strain variation and potential functions of the bacteria we host. Advances in the microbiome space have allowed for the de novo assembly of microbial genomes directly from metagenomes via short-read sequencing, assembly of reads into contigs, and binning of contigs into putative genome drafts. This is advantageous because it allows us to discover microbes without culturing them, directly from human samples and without reference databases. In the past year, there have been a number of tour de force efforts to broadly characterize the human gut microbiota through the creation of such metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs)[1–4]. These works have produced hundreds of thousands of microbial genomes that vastly increase our understanding of the human gut. However, challenges in the assembly of short reads has limited our ability to correctly assemble repeated genomic elements and place them into genomic context. Thus, existing MAGs are often fragmented and do not include mobile genetic elements, 16S rRNA sequences, and other elements that are repeated or have high identity within and across bacterial genomes.

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Selexis Cell Line Development Strategies

Article | February 11, 2020

In today’s biotechnology landscape, to be competitive, meet regulations, and achieve market demands, “we must apply Bioprocessing 4.0,” said Igor Fisch, PhD, CEO, Selexis. In fact, in the last decade, “Selexis has evolved from cloning by limiting dilution to automated cell selection to nanofluidic chips and from monoclonality assessment by statistical calculation to proprietary bioinformatic analysis,” he added. Single-use processing systems are an expanding part of the biomanufacturing world; as such, they are a major component of Bioprocessing 4.0. “At Selexis, we use single use throughout our cell line development workflow. Currently, we have incorporated single-use automated bioprocessing systems such as ambr® and the Beacon® optofluidic platform for accelerated cell line development. By using these systems and optimizing our parameters, we were able to achieve high titers in shake flasks. Additionally, the Beacon systems integrate miniaturized cell culture with high-throughput liquid handling automation and cell imaging. This allows us to control, adjust, and monitor programs at the same time,” noted Fisch.

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Spotlight

Baylor Genetics

Baylor Genetics is a joint venture of Miraca Holdings, Inc. and Baylor College of Medicine, including the #1 NIH-funded Department of Molecular and Human Genetics. A pioneer of precision medicine for nearly 40 years, Baylor Genetics now offers a full spectrum of clinically relevant genetic testing, access to world-renowned experts, and the confidence to provide patients with the best care.

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AI

eureKARE and DNAlytics Form Partnership to Develop a Proprietary AI Platform

eureKARE | July 07, 2021

eureKARE, a pioneering new company focused on financing and building next-generation biotechnology companies in the disruptive fields of the microbiome and synthetic biology, today announced an agreement with DNAlytics, a Belgian company applying data sciences to healthcare, to develop eureKARE's proprietary Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform to support its Biotech start-upstart-up studios, eureKARE. Unlike conventional start-upstart-up incubation methods, which begin with new science and then attempt to find an issue to address with it, eureKARE's methodology reverses this. eureKARE is committed to first finding an unmet need and then enlisting the best scientists and experts to provide an innovative solution to launch exciting new ventures. This process will be aided by eureKARE's one-of-a-kind AI platform, which will assist the business in identifying top academic researchers, locating new ideas and approaches in development, and scaling existing portfolio companies. About eureKARE eureKARE is a ground-breaking new company focusing on financing and establishing next-generation biotechnology start-ups in the microbiome and synthetic biology cutting-edge areas. eureKARE employs a two-step investing strategy to create long-term value. Through its biotech start-upstart-up studios eureKABIOME (Microbiome) and eureKASYNBIO, the company promotes translational research by developing and financing new companies based on high-value European science (Synthetic biology). In addition, the company aims to engage in more mature biotech companies. It will systematically propose to provide some liquidity to early investors, thus fulfilling a crucial demand in the European biotech sector. EureKARE has a fast-expanding portfolio of companies with the potential to disrupt the life sciences sector, led by its prominent founder, Alexandre Mouradian, and a pan-European team. About DNAlytics DNAlytics is based in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, specializing in data science for the healthcare sector, including data management, bioinformatics, biostatistics, Machine Learning, and other Artificial Intelligence methods. DNAlytics products are utilized in clinical research, the creation of biotech drugs and medical devices, public health studies, and the monitoring and optimization of bio-manufacturing processes. In addition, DNAlytics assists a wide range of clients and partners in extracting scientifically sound observations and practical conclusions from complex data sets.

Read More

Gut Microbiome Donations from the Old Invigorate the Young

GEN | November 15, 2019

Youth may be wasted on the young, but not elderliness—not when the elderliness manifests in the gut as a mature microbiome. In experiments led by scientists in Singapore, gut microbes from old mice (24 months old) were transplanted into young, germ-free mice (6 weeks old). After eight weeks, the young mice had increased intestinal growth and production of neurons in the brain, known as neurogenesis. The research team, which was based at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), showed that the increased neurogenesis was due to an enrichment of gut microbes that produce a specific short chain fatty acid, called butyrate. The scientists suggest that butyrate helps the old mice counter some of aging’s debilitating effects. In addition, the scientists speculate that butyrate-enriched foods could help slow aging, benefiting the young—and possibly the old and butyrate-deprived, too.

Read More

Microbiome Influenced by Genetic Differences in Immune System

GEN | October 16, 2019

Scientists headed by a team at the University of Chicago have shown how genetic differences in the immune system can impact on the types of bacterial communities that colonize the gastrointestinal system. Their studies, in germ-free mice colonized with microbiomes from conventionally reared animals, found that while the makeup of the donor microbiome was the key factor in determining the recipient microbiome, genetic differences in the immune systems of the recipients also played a role. “When the input is standardized, you can compare mice of different genetic strains and see what these genetics do to the microbiome in recipient mice,” said Alexander Chervonsky, MD, PhD, who is a senior author of the team’s study, which is published in Cell Reports. “This approach allowed us to tell whether there was a genetic influence, and indeed there is.” Chervonsky and colleagues report their findings in a paper titled, “Polymorphic Immune Mechanisms Regulate Commensal Repertoire.” The bacteria that naturally live in and on us provide essential functions that are required for our very survival, the authors wrote. The composition of microbial communities varies between individuals and is influenced by a range of factors, including “… the mode of transmission during birth, breastfeeding, alimentary infections, and diet.” Previous studies have suggested that host genetics can also impact on microbial communities—identical twins tend to have more similar microbiomes than do non-identical twins—but, as the team continued, “ … two important questions remain unanswered: to what extent and which host’s polymorphic mechanisms are involved in shaping the repertoire of the commensals.”

Read More

AI

eureKARE and DNAlytics Form Partnership to Develop a Proprietary AI Platform

eureKARE | July 07, 2021

eureKARE, a pioneering new company focused on financing and building next-generation biotechnology companies in the disruptive fields of the microbiome and synthetic biology, today announced an agreement with DNAlytics, a Belgian company applying data sciences to healthcare, to develop eureKARE's proprietary Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform to support its Biotech start-upstart-up studios, eureKARE. Unlike conventional start-upstart-up incubation methods, which begin with new science and then attempt to find an issue to address with it, eureKARE's methodology reverses this. eureKARE is committed to first finding an unmet need and then enlisting the best scientists and experts to provide an innovative solution to launch exciting new ventures. This process will be aided by eureKARE's one-of-a-kind AI platform, which will assist the business in identifying top academic researchers, locating new ideas and approaches in development, and scaling existing portfolio companies. About eureKARE eureKARE is a ground-breaking new company focusing on financing and establishing next-generation biotechnology start-ups in the microbiome and synthetic biology cutting-edge areas. eureKARE employs a two-step investing strategy to create long-term value. Through its biotech start-upstart-up studios eureKABIOME (Microbiome) and eureKASYNBIO, the company promotes translational research by developing and financing new companies based on high-value European science (Synthetic biology). In addition, the company aims to engage in more mature biotech companies. It will systematically propose to provide some liquidity to early investors, thus fulfilling a crucial demand in the European biotech sector. EureKARE has a fast-expanding portfolio of companies with the potential to disrupt the life sciences sector, led by its prominent founder, Alexandre Mouradian, and a pan-European team. About DNAlytics DNAlytics is based in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, specializing in data science for the healthcare sector, including data management, bioinformatics, biostatistics, Machine Learning, and other Artificial Intelligence methods. DNAlytics products are utilized in clinical research, the creation of biotech drugs and medical devices, public health studies, and the monitoring and optimization of bio-manufacturing processes. In addition, DNAlytics assists a wide range of clients and partners in extracting scientifically sound observations and practical conclusions from complex data sets.

Read More

Gut Microbiome Donations from the Old Invigorate the Young

GEN | November 15, 2019

Youth may be wasted on the young, but not elderliness—not when the elderliness manifests in the gut as a mature microbiome. In experiments led by scientists in Singapore, gut microbes from old mice (24 months old) were transplanted into young, germ-free mice (6 weeks old). After eight weeks, the young mice had increased intestinal growth and production of neurons in the brain, known as neurogenesis. The research team, which was based at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), showed that the increased neurogenesis was due to an enrichment of gut microbes that produce a specific short chain fatty acid, called butyrate. The scientists suggest that butyrate helps the old mice counter some of aging’s debilitating effects. In addition, the scientists speculate that butyrate-enriched foods could help slow aging, benefiting the young—and possibly the old and butyrate-deprived, too.

Read More

Microbiome Influenced by Genetic Differences in Immune System

GEN | October 16, 2019

Scientists headed by a team at the University of Chicago have shown how genetic differences in the immune system can impact on the types of bacterial communities that colonize the gastrointestinal system. Their studies, in germ-free mice colonized with microbiomes from conventionally reared animals, found that while the makeup of the donor microbiome was the key factor in determining the recipient microbiome, genetic differences in the immune systems of the recipients also played a role. “When the input is standardized, you can compare mice of different genetic strains and see what these genetics do to the microbiome in recipient mice,” said Alexander Chervonsky, MD, PhD, who is a senior author of the team’s study, which is published in Cell Reports. “This approach allowed us to tell whether there was a genetic influence, and indeed there is.” Chervonsky and colleagues report their findings in a paper titled, “Polymorphic Immune Mechanisms Regulate Commensal Repertoire.” The bacteria that naturally live in and on us provide essential functions that are required for our very survival, the authors wrote. The composition of microbial communities varies between individuals and is influenced by a range of factors, including “… the mode of transmission during birth, breastfeeding, alimentary infections, and diet.” Previous studies have suggested that host genetics can also impact on microbial communities—identical twins tend to have more similar microbiomes than do non-identical twins—but, as the team continued, “ … two important questions remain unanswered: to what extent and which host’s polymorphic mechanisms are involved in shaping the repertoire of the commensals.”

Read More

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